Computer Science or Software Engineering? Here’s How to Choose Your Path of Study

“Software engineer” sounds like a well-defined job title. But the best academic path toward that career varies based on which school you choose to attend. Some colleges have a dedicated software engineering program. Others may offer computer science or computer engineering degrees. Here are some things prospective students should remember when comparing programs, choosing where to apply and deciding what to study.

Students should start with the actual tasks of the job they want

The definition of “software engineer” can vary widely based on the source. Some employers use the terms “software engineer” and “software developer” interchangeably. Others distinguish an “engineer” as someone who works on systems architecture and scalability and a “developer” as someone who creates features within those systems. That distinction is important and matters more than what major a student chooses, since most programs touch on both.

A computer science degree keeps many doors open for students unsure about the tasks of the job they want

Computer science programs are built around programming fundamentals and theory rather than one career outcome. Therefore, the same coursework can lead toward career paths in engineering, data science or research depending on the electives a student chooses (e.g., AI, cybersecurity or systems). But it’s important to note that computer science programs often don’t give students much hands-on experience with software building. They can make up for that by pursuing projects or internships that more clearly demonstrate their abilities.

A specific software engineering degree is the shortest, surest path

For students who know they want to build systems, a dedicated software engineering degree offers a more than computer science. Stevens’ Bachelor of Engineering degree in Software Engineering offers coursework in software architecture, requirements engineering and systems design alongside programming. This degree program sits in its own department rather than under computer science. It’s also accredited separately under the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET.

Something to note: Computer engineering is a related path appropriate for students who want to work in hardware. This kind of program focuses on firmware, embedded systems and robotics in addition to software.

A degree isn’t strictly required, but it’s highly encouraged

Despite the availability of software engineering training outside of the traditional four-year degree, most employers still ask for at least a bachelor’s degree in their job descriptions. Some even require master’s degrees. That said, bootcamps, certifications and self-directed learning can open doors to a software engineering career, and there are some major employers that don’t list a degree as a basic requirement.

The major matters less than what students can build

Whichever of these paths a student chooses — computer science, software engineering or computer engineering — the most important decision comes after they enroll. It’s in whether they choose to spend their breaks and electives building real-world technological tools. A computer science major who ships a working app during an internship will impress a potential employer more than a software engineering major who never goes beyond the syllabus.