Raviraj Nataraj

• Ph.D. (2011) Case Western Reserve University (Biomedical Engineering)
• M.S. (2007) Case Western Reserve University (Biomedical Engineering)
• M.S. (2003) Stanford University (Mechanical Engineering)
• B.S. (2001) Case Western Reserve University (Biomedical Engineering)

• Institutional Review Board Member
• Stevens Institute for Artificial Intelligence (SIAI) - Steering Committee Member
• Semcer Center for Healthcare Innovation (CHI) at Stevens - Steering Committee Member
• BME P&T Member
• Semcer Center for Healthcare Innovation (CHI) at Stevens Member
• Stevens Faculty XR Team Group Member
• Stevens Institute for Artificial Intelligence (SIAI) Member
• Graduate Associate Chair of Biomedical Engineering Chair
• Academic Affairs and Operations Member
• BME Department Seminar Organization Chair
• NSF ADAPT Member
• Three-minute thesis (3MT) competition for department Chair
• Stevens Admitted Student Weekend Member
• CAREER Club Member
• Institutional Review Board Chair
• Clark Faculty Advisor Speed Networking Member
• 1st-year exam (qualifier) committee for BME Member
• Teaching and Learning Center (TLC) at Stevens (Faculty Core Curriculum Working Group) Member
• SES Workshops for P&T Member
• Academic Appeals Chair
• Convocation Member
• BME-PhD Program Application Review Member
• Stevens General Visit Day Member
• BME Faculty Search Committee Chair
• Stevens Center for Neuromechanics (C4N) Member
• Guest Lectures for BME courses Member
• BME Day AI panel Chair
• Graduate BMES Advising Chair
• UGCC Member
• Stevens Graduate Open House (BME representative) Member
• External Advisory Board Member
• BME Department Seminar Organization Chair
• Stevens Admitted Student Weekend Member
• Dean's Faculty Advisory Council Member
• BME PhD recruitment program Member
• BME Faculty Search Committee (2 T/TT positions) Member
• BME Lecturer Search Committee (1 position) Member
• BME-PhD Curriculum Committee Member
• Faculty Search Committee Member
• Faculty Search Committee for 1 lecturer position Chair
• Faculty Search Committee for 2 T/TT positions Chair
• Faculty Retreat - PhD Session Chair
• SES PhD Task Force Member

• Annals of Biomedical Engineering Associate Editor
• Scientific Reports Associate Editor
• Frontiers of Medical Engineering Associate Editor
• International Conference on Virtual Reality (ICVR) Technical Committee Member for International Conference on Virtual Reality (ICVR)
• Sensors - MDPI Special Topics Guest Editor
• National Science Foundation (NSF) Review Panelist
• Frontiers of Medical Engineering, Scientific Reports, Sensors-MDPI, IEEE-TBME, etc. Journal Reviewer for Multiple Journals
• Department of VA Mentor for VA CDA-1 (mentee investigator: Sandra Hnat, Cleveland VAMC)
• National Institutes of Health (NIH) Review Panelist
• The National Institute on Disability Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR) for FIP Review Panelist
• National Institutes of Health (NIH) Review Panelist
• International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua; Communications Biology, Journal of Multimodal User Interfaces, Journal Reviewer for Multiple Journals
• NEBEC Program Chair
• The National Institute on Disability Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR) for FIP Review Panelist
• BI 2023 Workshop on External Sources of Brain Stimulation to Inform Motor Function Lead/speaker/particpiant for workshop
• Frontiers of Rehabilitation Science Special Topics Editor
• Biomedical Engineering Society (BMES) Conference Abstract Reviewer
• The National Institute on Disability Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR) for FIP Review Panelist
• National Institutes of Health (NIH) Review Panelist
• The National Institute on Disability Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR) for SCIMS Review Panelist
• Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, IEEE TNSRE, Frontiers in Psychology Journal Reviewer for Multiple Journals
• Scientific Reports, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, IEEE TNSRE Journal Reviewer for Multiple Journals
• The National Institute on Disability Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR) Review Panelist
• National Science Foundation (NSF) Review Panelist
• Journal of Clinical Medicine Reviewer
• MOCO (Movement and Computing) Community Conference Abstract Reviewer
• IEEE Biorob Abstract Reviewer
• Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) Reviewer
• BMES Reviewer
• PLOS ONE Guest Academic Editor for PLOS ONE
• Scientific Reports Reviewer
• IEEE Mechatronics Reviewer
• Frontiers Bioengineering Assigned Editor
• Journal of Biomechanics Reviewer

• NCM – Society for Neural Control of Movement Member
• ASEE – American Society of Engineering Education Member
• ASME – American Society of Mechanical Engineers Member
• SfN – Society for Neuroscience Member
• ASB – American Society of Biomechanics Member
• IEEE (Senior Membership) – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Senior member
• SAA – Stanford Alumni Association Member
• BMES – Biomedical Engineering Society Member

Book Chapter

1. Dewil, S.; Liu, M.; Sanford, S.; Nataraj, R. (2024). Neural Responses to Altered Visual Feedback in Computerized Interfaces Driven by Force- or Motion-Control. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies (pp. 299-312). Springer Nature Singapore.
   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9018-4_22.
2. Nataraj, R.; Sanford, S.; Liu, M.; Walsh, K.; Wilder, S.; Santo, A.; Hollinger, D. (2020). Cognitive and Physiological Intent for the Adaptation of Motor Prostheses. Advances in Motor Neuroprostheses (pp. 123-153). Springer International Publishing.
   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38740-2_8.
3. Nataraj, R. (2018). Optimizing User Integration for Individualized Rehabilitation. Biomimetic Prosthetics. InTech.

Conference Proceeding

1. Nataraj, R.; Shi, Y.; Dewil, S. (2026). Dynamic Motor Responses to Visual Displacements During Training: How Virtual Reality (VR) Can Explore the Role of Expectation in Motor Training. Proceedings of the 2025 World Conference of the International Society for Virtual Rehabilitation (pp. 235-241). Springer Nature Switzerland.
   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-17790-2_38.
2. Shi, Y.; Dewil, S.; Nataraj, R. (2026). Modifying Task Difficulty with Augmented Sensory Feedback for Motor Training in Virtual Reality. Proceedings of the 2025 World Conference of the International Society for Virtual Rehabilitation (pp. 163-168). Springer Nature Switzerland.
   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-17790-2_25.
3. Shi, Y.; Liu, M.; Dewil, S.; Harel, N. Y.; Sanford, S.; Nataraj, R. (2024). Augmented Sensory Feedback during Training of Upper Extremity Function in Virtual Reality. 2024 IEEE 37th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS) (pp. 231-236). IEEE.
   https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms61543.2024.00046.
4. Vataksi, L.; Sanford, S.; Liu, M.; Nataraj, R. (2023). Instrumented Upper-Body Brace for Computerized Training of Muscle Control. International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Systems.
5. Liu, M.; Wilder, S.; Sanford, S.; Dewil, S.; Saleh, S.; Nataraj, R. (2023). EEG and Motor Effects of Multimodal Feedback to Train Functional Grasp after Traumatic Brain Injury. 2023 IEEE 36th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS) (pp. 374-377). IEEE.
   https://doi.org/10.1109/cbms58004.2023.00246.
6. Liu, M.; Wilder, S.; Sanford, S.; Dewil, S.; Harel, N.; Nataraj, R. (2023). Multimodal Augmented Feedback for Functional Grasp Training Using a Smart Glove and Virtual Reality for Persons with Spinal Cord Injury. 2023 9th International Conference on Virtual Reality (ICVR) (pp. 435-440). IEEE.
   https://doi.org/10.1109/icvr57957.2023.10169674.
7. LaGrassa, E. H.; Sanford, S.; Liu, M.; Nataraj, R. (2021). Empirical Relationship between Neurophysiological Signals and Perception of Agency during a Virtual Reality Grasp Task.
8. Liu, M.; Wilder, S.; Sanford, S.; Nataraj, R. (2020). Inducing Cognition of Secure Grasp and Agency to Accelerate Motor Rehabilitation from an Instrumented Glove. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Movement and Computing (pp. 1--4).
9. Burns, M.; Zavoda, Z.; Nataraj, R.; Pochiraju, K.; Vinjamuri, R. (2020). HERCULES: A Three Degree-of-Freedom Pneumatic Upper Limb Exoskeleton for Stroke Rehabilitation. 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC) (pp. 4959-4962). IEEE.
   https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176549.
10. Burns, M. K.; Stika, J.; Patel, V.; Pei, D.; Nataraj, R.; Vinjamuri, R. (2020). Lateralization and Model Transference in a Bilateral Cursor Task. 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC) (pp. 3240-3243). IEEE.
    https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176496.
11. Burns, M.; Zavoda, Z.; Nataraj, R.; Pochiraju, K.; Vinjamuri, R. (2020). HERCULES: A Three Degree-of-Freedom Pneumatic Upper Limb Exoskeleton for Stroke Rehabilitation (pp. 4959-4962). 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), Montreal, QC, Canada,.
12. Liu, M.; Wilder, S.; Sanford, S.; Nataraj, R. (2020). Inducing Cognition of Secure Grasp and Agency to Accelerate Motor Rehabilitation from an Instrumented Glove. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Movement and Computing (pp. 1-4). ACM.
    https://doi.org/10.1145/3401956.3404245.
13. Sanford, S.; Liu, M.; Selvaggi, T.; Nataraj, R. (2020). The Effects of Visual Feedback Complexity on Training the Two-Legged Squat Exercise. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Movement and Computing (pp. 1-4). ACM.
    https://doi.org/10.1145/3401956.3404243.
14. Nataraj, R. (2013). Synergistic control of fingertip force directions during precision pinch. The 6th WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering, At Beijing, China.
15. Nataraj, R.; Audu, M. L.; Kirsch, R. F.; Triolo, R. J. (2007). Artificial Neural Network Control of Standing Maintenance Using Functional Electrical Stimulation following Spinal Cord Injury. The 12th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society,.
16. Nataraj, R.; Audu, M. L.; Kirsch, R. F.; Triolo, R. J. (2007). Control System Development for Automatic Standing Balance using Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation (FNS) Following Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). The 31st Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics.
17. Audu, M. L.; Nataraj, R.; Kirsch, R. F.; Triolo, R. J. (2007). Dynamic Computer Optimization for Standing Balance and Control of Postural Sway after Spinal Cord Injury. The 12th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society,.

Journal Article

1. Shi, Y.; Dewil, S.; Marvin, Z.; Harel, N. Y.; Nataraj, R. (2026). Exploratory Patterns of Task Difficulty and Visual Feedback in Virtual Reality–Based Upper-Limb Trajectory Training. JMIR XR and Spatial Computing (vol. 3, pp. e94745-e94745). JMIR Publications Inc..
   https://doi.org/10.2196/94745.
2. Li, K.; Meng, F.; Liu, L.; Nataraj, R.; Sun, N.; Wei, N. (2026). Design and evaluation of a tendon-and-linkage hybrid-driven humanoid dexterous hand. Scientific Reports. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-63917-x.
3. Nataraj, R. (2026). Editorial: Telehealth and remote monitoring solutions: advancing accessible and effective healthcare delivery. No. Frontiers in Medical Engineering (vol. 4, pp. 1864948). Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA.
   https://doi.org/10.3389/fmede.2026.1864948.
4. Liu, M.; Wilder, S.; Sanford, S.; Dewil, S.; Harel, N. Y.; Nataraj, R. (2026). Functional grasp training with augmented feedback from an intelligent glove and virtual reality for persons with cervical–level spinal cord injury: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Hand Therapy (2 ed., vol. 39, pp. 444-454). Elsevier BV.
   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2026.02.010.
5. Marvin, Z.; Dewil, S.; Shi, Y.; Harel, N. Y.; Nataraj, R. (2026). Memory Cueing and Augmented Sensory Feedback in Virtual Reality as an Assistive Technology for Enhancing Hand Motor Performance. Technologies (4 ed., vol. 14, pp. 217). MDPI AG.
   https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies14040217.
6. Dewil, S.; Shi, Y.; Marvin, Z.; Harel, N. Y.; Nataraj, R. (2026). A Preliminary Study of a Virtual Reality Design Framework for Motor Training Integrating Proactive and Reactive Task Constraints and Augmented Auditory Feedback. Applied Sciences (7 ed., vol. 16, pp. 3276). MDPI AG.
   https://doi.org/10.3390/app16073276.
7. Nataraj, R.; Liu, M.; Shi, Y.; Dewil, S.; Harel, N. Y. (2026). Training-induced modulation of motor task performance and psychophysiological domains through augmented sensory feedback in virtual reality. Frontiers in Virtual Reality (vol. 7). Frontiers Media SA.
   https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2026.1772411.
8. Nataraj, R. (2026). Virtual Reality as a Potential Cornerstone for Remote Rehabilitative Therapies. Encyclopedia (2 ed., vol. 6, pp. 37). MDPI AG.
   https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia6020037.
9. Nataraj, R.; Liu, M.; Shi, Y.; Dewil, S.; Harel, N. Y. (2025). Exploratory Investigation of Motor and Psychophysiological Outcomes Following VR-Based Motor Training with Augmented Sensory Feedback for a Pilot Cohort with Spinal Cord Injury. Bioengineering (11 ed., vol. 12, pp. 1266). MDPI AG.
   https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12111266.
10. Shi, Y.; Dewil, S.; Castner, K.; Nataraj, R. (2025). Differential Impacts of Task Difficulty on User Outcomes in Motor Rehabilitation Training. Brain Stimulation (4 ed., vol. 18, pp. 1330-1332). Elsevier BV.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2025.05.098.
11. Dewil, S.; Shi, Y.; Nataraj, R. (2024). Error Induction to Improve Performance with Increased EEG Theta Power for a Motor Rehabilitation Task. Neuromodec Journal. The City University of New York.
    https://doi.org/10.31641/nmj-wlqr2425.
12. Khan, A.; Li, K.; Nataraj, R.; Wei, N. (2024). Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on evoked tactile sensation for fingertip force control. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control (vol. 87, pp. 105568). Elsevier BV.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2023.105568.
13. Liu, M.; Wilder, S.; Sanford, S.; Glassen, M.; Dewil, S.; Saleh, S.; Nataraj, R. (2023). Augmented feedback modes during functional grasp training with an intelligent glove and virtual reality for persons with traumatic brain injury. Frontiers in Robotics and AI (vol. 10). Frontiers Media SA.
    https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1230086.
14. Dewil, S.; Kuptchik, S.; Liu, M.; Sanford, S.; Bradbury, T.; Davis, E.; Clemente, A.; Nataraj, R. (2023). The cognitive basis for virtual reality rehabilitation of upper-extremity motor function after neurotraumas. Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces (3 ed., vol. 17, pp. 105-120). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12193-023-00406-9.
15. Nataraj, R.; Sanford, S. P.; Liu, M. (2023). Joint Moment Responses to Different Modes of Augmented Visual Feedback of Joint Kinematics during Two-Legged Squat Training. Biomechanics (3 ed., vol. 3, pp. 425-442). MDPI AG.
    https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3030035.
16. Hnat, S.; Nataraj, R. (2023). Muscle model control of knee joint torque in a powered lower-body orthosis. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine (3 ed., vol. 237, pp. 348-358). SAGE Publications.
    https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119231152354.
17. Sanford, S.; Collins, B.; Liu, M.; Dewil, S.; Nataraj, R. (2022). Investigating features in augmented visual feedback for virtual reality rehabilitation of upper-extremity function through isometric muscle control. Frontiers in Virtual Reality (vol. 3). Frontiers Media SA.
    https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2022.943693.
18. Nataraj, R.; Sanford, S.; Liu, M.; Harel, N. Y. (2022). Hand dominance in the performance and perceptions of virtual reach control. Acta Psychologica (vol. 223, pp. 103494). Elsevier BV.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103494.
19. Zhang, N.; Li, K.; Li, G.; Nataraj, R.; Wei, N. (2021). Multiplex Recurrence Network Analysis of Inter-Muscular Coordination During Sustained Grip and Pinch Contractions at Different Force Levels. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering (vol. 29, pp. 2055-2066). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
    https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2021.3117286.
20. Sanford, S. P.; Collins, B. D.; Liu, M.; Nataraj, R. (2021). Vibrotactile Feedback for Improved Control of Myoelectric Devices.
21. Sanford, S.; Liu, M.; Nataraj, R. (2021). Concurrent Continuous Versus Bandwidth Visual Feedback With Varying Body Representation for the 2-Legged Squat Exercise. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation (5 ed., vol. 30, pp. 794-803). Human Kinetics.
    https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2020-0234.
22. Walsh, K. A.; Sanford, S. P.; Collins, B. D.; Harel, N. Y.; Nataraj, R. (2021). Performance potential of classical machine learning and deep learning classifiers for isometric upper-body myoelectric control of direction in virtual reality with reduced muscle inputs. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control (vol. 66, pp. 102487). Elsevier BV.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102487.
23. Sanford, S.; Liu, M.; Selvaggi, T.; Nataraj, R. (2021). Effects of Visual Feedback Complexity on the Performance of a Movement Task for Rehabilitation. Journal of Motor Behavior (2 ed., vol. 53, pp. 243-257). Informa UK Limited.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2020.1770670.
24. Liu, M.; Wilder, S.; Sanford, S.; Saleh, S.; Harel, N. Y.; Nataraj, R. (2021). Training with Agency-Inspired Feedback from an Instrumented Glove to Improve Functional Grasp Performance. Sensors (4 ed., vol. 21, pp. 1173). MDPI AG.
    https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041173.
25. Nataraj, R.; Sanford, S. (2021). Control Modification of Grasp Force Covaries Agency and Performance on Rigid and Compliant Surfaces. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (vol. 8). Frontiers Media SA.
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.574006.
26. Nataraj, R.; Hollinger, D.; Liu, M.; Shah, A.; Triberti, S. (2020). Disproportionate positive feedback facilitates sense of agency and performance for a reaching movement task with a virtual hand. PLOS ONE (5 ed., vol. 15, pp. e0233175). Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233175.
27. Nataraj, R.; Sanford, S.; Shah, A.; Liu, M. (2020). Agency and Performance of Reach-to-Grasp With Modified Control of a Virtual Hand: Implications for Rehabilitation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (vol. 14). Frontiers Media SA.
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00126.
28. Schofield, J. S.; Shell, C. E.; Thumser, Z. C.; Beckler, D. T.; Nataraj, R.; Marasco, P. D. (2019). Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses. Journal of Visualized Experiments (143 ed.). MyJove Corporation.
    https://doi.org/10.3791/58702-v.
29. Marasco, P. D.; Hebert, J. S.; Sensinger, J. W.; Shell, C. E.; Schofield, J. S.; Thumser, Z. C.; Nataraj, R.; Beckler, D. T.; Dawson, M. R.; Blustein, D. H.; Gill, S.; Mensh, B. D.; Granja-Vazquez, R.; Newcomb, M. D.; Carey, J. P.; Orzell, B. M. (2018). Illusory movement perception improves motor control for prosthetic hands. Science Translational Medicine (432 ed., vol. 10). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).
    https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aao6990.
30. Nataraj, R.; van den Bogert, A. J. (2017). Simulation Analysis of Linear Quadratic Regulator Control of Sagittal-Plane Human Walking—Implications for Exoskeletons. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering (10 ed., vol. 139). ASME International.
    https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4037560.
31. Nataraj, R.; Audu, M. L.; Triolo, R. J. (2017). Restoring standing capabilities with feedback control of functional neuromuscular stimulation following spinal cord injury. Medical Engineering & Physics (1 ed., vol. 42, pp. 13-25). IOP Publishing.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.01.023.
32. Nataraj, R.; Audu, M. L.; Triolo, R. J. (2016). Simulating the restoration of standing balance at leaning postures with functional neuromuscular stimulation following spinal cord injury. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing (1 ed., vol. 54, pp. 163-176). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-015-1377-5.
33. Nataraj, R.; Li, Z. (2015). Integration of marker and force data to compute three-dimensional joint moments of the thumb and index finger digits during pinch. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering (6 ed., vol. 18, pp. 592-606). Informa UK Limited.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2013.820722.
34. Nataraj, R.; Audu, M. L.; Li, Z. (2015). Digit mechanics in relation to endpoint compliance during precision pinch. Journal of Biomechanics (4 ed., vol. 48, pp. 672-680). Elsevier BV.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.12.040.
35. Audu, M. L.; Gartman, S. J.; Nataraj, R.; Triolo, R. J. (2014). Posture-dependent control of stimulation in standing neuroprosthesis: Simulation feasibility study. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development (3 ed., vol. 51, pp. 481-496). Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development.
    https://doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2013.06.0150.
36. Marquardt, T. L.; Nataraj, R.; Evans, P. J.; Seitz, W. H.; Li, Z. (2014). Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Impairs Thumb Opposition and Circumduction Motion. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research (8 ed., vol. 472, pp. 2526-2533). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-014-3651-5.
37. Nataraj, R.; Pasluosta, C.; Li, Z. (2014). Online kinematic regulation by visual feedback for grasp versus transport during reach-to-pinch. Human Movement Science (vol. 36, pp. 134-153). Elsevier BV.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2014.05.007.
38. Nataraj, R.; Evans, P. J.; Seitz, W. H.; Li, Z. (2014). Pathokinematics of precision pinch movement associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedic Research (6 ed., vol. 32, pp. 786-792). Wiley.
    https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.22600.
39. Nataraj, R.; Evans, P. J.; Seitz, W. H.; Li, Z.; Trumbower, R. D. (2014). Effects of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome on Reach-to-Pinch Performance. PLoS ONE (3 ed., vol. 9, pp. e92063). Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092063.
40. Nataraj, R.; Audu, M. L.; Triolo, R. J. (2014). Modified Newton‐Raphson Method to Tune Feedback Gains of Control System for Standing by Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation Following Spinal Cord Injury. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics (4 ed., vol. 11, pp. 169-174). Wiley.
    https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/634509.
41. Nataraj, R.; Evans, P. J.; Seitz, W. H.; Li, Z. (2013). The Effects of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome on the Kinematics of Reach-to-Pinch Function. Ergonomics (9 ed., vol. 51, pp. 1441--1453).
42. Li, K.; Nataraj, R.; Marquardt, T. L.; Li, Z.; Hug, F. (2013). Directional Coordination of Thumb and Finger Forces during Precision Pinch. PLoS ONE (11 ed., vol. 8, pp. e79400). Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079400.
43. Nataraj, R.; Li, Z. (2013). Robust Identification of Three-Dimensional Thumb and Index Finger Kinematics With a Minimal Set of Markers. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering (9 ed., vol. 135). ASME International.
    https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4024753.
44. Nataraj, R.; Audu, M. L.; Triolo, R. J. (2013). Center of Mass Acceleration Feedback Control of Standing Balance by Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation Against External Postural Perturbations. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (1 ed., vol. 60, pp. 10-19). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
    https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2218601.
45. Nataraj, R.; Li, Z. (2012). Calculating thumb and index finger postures during pinch with a minimal marker set. American Society of Biomechanics.
46. Nataraj, R.; Audu, M. L.; Kirsch, R. F.; Triolo, R. J. (2012). Center of mass acceleration feedback control for standing by functional neuromuscular stimulation: A simulation study. The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development (2 ed., vol. 49, pp. 279). Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development.
    https://doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2010.12.0235.
47. Nataraj, R.; Audu, M. L.; Triolo, R. J. (2012). Center of mass acceleration feedback control of functional neuromuscular stimulation for standing in presence of internal postural perturbations. The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development (6 ed., vol. 49, pp. 889). Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development.
    https://doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2011.07.0127.
48. Nataraj, R.; Audu, M. L.; Triolo, R. J. (2012). Comparing joint kinematics and center of mass acceleration as feedback for control of standing balance by functional neuromuscular stimulation. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation (1 ed., vol. 9, pp. 25). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-9-25.
49. Shen, Z. L.; Mondello, T. A.; Nataraj, R.; Domalain, M. F.; Li , Z. M. (2012). A digit alignment device for kinematic analysis of the thumb and index finger.. Gait & posture (3 ed., vol. 36, pp. 643-5). Elsevier.
50. Nataraj, R.; Audu, M. L.; Kirsch, R. F.; Triolo, R. J. (2012). Trunk Acceleration for Neuroprosthetic Control of Standing: A Pilot Study. Journal of Applied Biomechanics (1 ed., vol. 28, pp. 85-92). Human Kinetics.
    https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.1.85.
51. Nataraj, R.; Audu, M. L.; Kirsch, R. F.; Triolo, R. J. (2012). Center of mass acceleration feedback control for standing by functional neuromuscular stimulation: a simulation study.. Journal of rehabilitation research and development (2 ed., vol. 49, pp. 279-96). NIH Public Access.
52. Audu, M. L.; Nataraj, R.; Gartman, S. J.; Triolo, R. J. (2011). Posture shifting after spinal cord injury using functional neuromuscular stimulation—A computer simulation study. Journal of Biomechanics (9 ed., vol. 44, pp. 1639-1645). Elsevier BV.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.12.020.

Other

1. Liu, M.; Sanford, S.; Wilder, S.; Nataraj, R. (2022). Training with Agency-Inspired Feedback from a Sensor Glove in Virtual Reality to Improve Grasp Performance.
2. Sanford, S. P.; Collins, B. D.; Liu, M.; Nataraj, R. (2021). Multi-Sensory Feedback for Myoelectric Control.
3. Liu, M.; Wilder, S.; Nataraj, R. (2019). Agency-based Devices for Rehabilitation and Movement Assistance.
4. Sanford, S.; Srevatsan, V.; Nataraj, R. (2018). Dependence of Agency and Performance on Visualized Precision Pinch Force.
5. Hollinger, D.; Nataraj, R. (2018). Acclerating neuromotor learning with reward feedback. Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology.
6. Nataraj, R.; Audu, M. L.; Li, Z. (2014). Precision pinch joint mechanics in relation to digit endpoint compliance.
7. Nataraj, R. (2011). Feedback Control Of Standing Balance Using Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation Following Spinal Cord Injury. 2011. Ohio. gov. PhD Thesis, https://etd. ohiolink. edu/ap/10.
8. Nataraj, R.; Triolo, J.; Kirsch, F.; Audu, L. (2007). Controller Development for Automatic Standing Balance using Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation following Spinal Cord Injury.
9. Nataraj, R.; DiGiovine, C. P.; Boninger, M. L.; Shimada, S. D.; Koontz, A. M.; Baldwin, M. A. (2002). SUMMARIES OF SCIENTIFIC/TECHNICAL ARTICLES. Journal of Rehabilitation Research \& Development (3 ed., vol. 39, pp. 309). Veterans Administration, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rehabilitation~….

Ph.D. Thesis

1. Nataraj, R. (2011). Feedback Control Of Standing Balance Using Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation Following Spinal Cord Injury. 2011. Ohio. gov. PhD Thesis, https://etd. ohiolink. edu/ap/10.

Student Master's Thesis

1. Hollinger, D.; Nataraj, R. (2018). Acclerating neuromotor learning with reward feedback. Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology.